Water is a colorless, tasteless, and unscented substance that is fundamental to all types of life that we are aware of. Staff gages and floatoperated units are the simplest devices used for this purpose. Avoid orifices that do not flow free or are not completely submerged. Water measurement basic units of water colorado river.
Water measurement with flumes and weirs samsamwater. Free to try take measurements from pdf drawings, images, or photos. The most common flow rate units are either cubic feet per. The result of a measurement of a physical quantity is expressed by a number or numerical measure accompanied by a unit.
Perform unit conversions for volume, distance, temperature, time, speed, and more. In the united states, it is commonly reported, in gallons per minute gpm, millions of gallons per day mgd, cubic feet per second cfs, acre inches acin, and acre feet af. It is important that the difference between a unit of volume and a unit of flow be kept in mind. University of idaho water measurement pamphlet february 1976. Meters by application commercial water measurement. For water that is in motion, cubic feet per second cfs is the unit of measure.
Major advances in measurement technology along with a continued demand for the water measurement manual are responsible for initiating this revision. There are two basic units of water measurement from a water management perspective. Small wells can be measured by using a 55 gallon barrel as the container. There is a considerable measure of water on our planet, and it exists in many places and structures. Open, download, or view adobe acrobat files as pdf or html files in your browser. Open channel flow is flow in any channel in which the liquid flows with a free. For water that is stored or impounded, the acrefoot af is how water is measured. Flow measurement devices utah division of water rights. For free flow, one measurement of water depth at ha is all that is. Water is constantly traveling through the cycle of evaporation, precipitation, and condensation, back to the ocean. Measurement of water quality parameters in the gulf of oman conference paper pdf available january 2006 with 1,072 reads how we measure reads. Any change in the chloride concentration or ph will affect the orp. Methods of measuring irrigation water can be grouped into three basic.
Thus, the water measurement and control structures described in this. The term water measurement as used in this manual refers to the measurement of flow unit volume per unit time. Therefore, to measure chlorine accurately, chloride ion and ph must be measured to a high accuracy or carefully. It is recommended that the measurement be repeated at least three and preferably five times to arrive at a reliable rate of flow per unit of time. Pdf measurement of water quality parameters in the gulf. Generally water measurement is reported in different units, mainly depending upon type of irrigation and local custom. Water highperformance hydromet and water quality instrumentation that just works. The discharge or rate of flow has units of volume divided by unit time.
1583 510 1554 968 1281 1211 246 1410 1569 345 896 748 1292 368 242 150 1536 377 429 1231 790 62 1095 924 1017 17 288 343 97 161 1375 1070 518 520 973 386 555 445 475 862 458 942 602 247 610 1372